This is a list of the fastest animals in the world, by types of animal. The peregrine falcon is the fastest bird, and the fastest member of the animal kingdom , with a diving speed of over 300 km/h (190 mph) . [ 1 ] The fastest land animal is the cheetah , capable of running at speeds of up to 93–104 km/h (58–65 mph) . Among the fastest animals in the sea is the black marlin , with uncertain and conflicting reports of recorded speeds. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] When drawing comparisons between different classes of animals, an alternative unit is sometimes used for organisms: body length per second . On this basis the 'fastest' organism on earth, relative to its body length, is the Southern Californian mite, Paratarsotomus macropalpis , which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second. [ 4 ] The equivalent speed for a human, running as fast as this mite, would be 1,300 mph (2,092 km/h) , [ 5 ] or approximately Mach 1.7. The speed of the P. macropalpis is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle Rivacindela eburneola , which is the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, with a recorded speed of 1.86 metres per second (6.7 km/h; 4.2 mph) , or 171 body lengths per second. [ 6 ] The cheetah , the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second. [ 4 ] Body mass can also be used to compare speed between species on a relative basis. Under this parameter the fastest animal for its body mass is the cheetah, followed by the pronghorn . [ 7 ] Through studies of pronghorn running on treadmills, it has been estimated that the maximum speed that could be achieved aerobically would be 72 km/h (45 mph) for about 10 minutes, so higher speeds such as those reported in Thomson's gazelles , springboks , pronghorn and cheetahs require adaptations for principal use of anaerobic energy sources such as glycogen and creatine phosphate , and could therefore be maintained for only 30–45 seconds when these energy sources are depleted. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] High acceleration also requires the use of anaerobic energy sources. [ 10 ] Fastest organism The highest speed reliably recorded for the species is 104 km/h (65 mph). [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The highest reliably measured running speed for ostriches is 61 km/h (38 mph) , obtained by speedometer reading when a car was chasing an ostrich in a straight line chase to force it to move as fast as it could. [ 37 ] Although there are reports of speeds of 72–97 km/h (45–60 mph) for ostriches, none are confirmed. [ 38 ] Pronghorns can reach a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h) in favorable conditions (flat dry lake beds), and a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) normally. These speeds can only be achieved for short periods of time. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] They can reach speeds of 72 km/h (45 mph) in a 2–3 km course. [ 45 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when the animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] [ 45 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road. [ 51 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road. [ 51 ] Due to physical constraints, fish may be incapable of exceeding swim speeds of 36 km/h (22 mph) . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The larger reported figures below are therefore highly questionable: 240–320 km/h (150–200 mph) [ 13 ] The highest reliably measured running speed for ostriches is 61 km/h (38 mph) , obtained by speedometer reading when a car was chasing an ostrich in a straight line chase to force it to move as fast as it could. [ 37 ] Although there are reports of speeds of 72–97 km/h (45–60 mph) for ostriches, none are confirmed. [ 38 ] ↑ Sustained ground speed for approximately nine hours with no rest on high tailwinds during an Antarctic storm. A widely quoted top speed figure of 71 mph (114 km/h) has been discredited due to lax and questionable methodology. [ 43 ] The highest speed reliably and rigorously measured in cheetahs in a straight line is 29 m/s (104 km/h), as an average of 3 runs over a 201.2-meter (220 yards) course (starting from start line already running). [ 32 ] [ 74 ] Top speed data is result of dividing distance by time spent. Pronghorns can reach a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h) in favorable conditions (flat dry lake beds), and a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) normally. These speeds can only be achieved for short periods of time. [ 44 ] They can reach speeds of 72 km/h (45 mph) in a 2–3 km course. [ 45 ] Speeds of 85 km/h (53 mph) in a 274 m (300 yards) course has been reported. [ 44 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when the animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle. [ 45 ] [ 44 ] Polo horses can go from 0 to 36 km/h in 3.6 seconds. [ 78 ] Equids are noted for their extraordinary running endurance. An 1853 report mentions that a horse covered 160 km (100 miles) at an average speed of 18 km/h (11.2 mph). [ 43 ] [ 79 ] 80 km/h estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road. [ 51 ] A top speed of 65.2 km/h is obtained by calculating the distance and time it takes a gazelle to escape from an approaching human. [ 80 ] Film analysis of lion hunts gives maximum speeds of 90–97 km/h. [ 81 ] [ 7 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road. [ 51 ] Estimated by observing the odometer when an animal ran at its maximum speed, alongside a vehicle on a road. [ 51 ] American black bear Indian rhinoceros Anecdotal reports suggest that it takes a very good horse to overtake a black rhinoceros. [ 79 ] It has been suggested that a black rhinoceros can keep up with a horse for 1.6 km (1 mile). [ 79 ] Indian rhinoceroses can also run at the same speed. [ 125 ] In 2020, Paolo and his colleagues noted that if a large blue whale were to breach along a trajectory similar to that of a humpback whale, it would need to swim at a speed of 10.9 m/s (39 km/h; 24 mph) to achieve the same rate of surfacing; however, they argued that this would require approximately four times the energy and a higher power-to-mass ratio, making it unclear whether the blue whale could actually reach such speeds. They also noted that a blue whale in 'Racing' mode can momentarily reach speeds of approximately 7.5 m/s (27 km/h; 17 mph) , which they considered the most accurate estimate of the maximum swimming speed a blue whale can achieve. [ 130 ] The maximum speed derived from satellite tracking data was 5.3 m/s (19 km/h; 12 mph) . [ 132 ] Sprinting ( 100 m ): 37.58 km/h (23.35 mph) Long distance ( marathon ): 20.99 km/h (13.04 mph) At distances greater than 400 metres , the human body requires oxygen to sustain such paces, and speed significantly tapers at this point. The mile run world record is held by Hicham El Guerrouj with a time of 3:43.13, corresponding to 26.25 km/h (16.31 mph) . [ 135 ] The marathon world record is held by Sabastian Sawe with a time of 1:59:30, corresponding to 21.18 km/h (13.16 mph) . [ 136 ] In the absence of significant external factors, non-athletic humans tend to walk at about 1.4 m/s (5.0 km/h; 3.1 mph) and run at about 5.1 m/s (18 km/h; 11 mph) . [ 137 ] [ 138 ] [ 139 ] Although humans are capable of walking at speeds from nearly 0 m/s to upwards of 2.5 m/s (9.0 km/h; 5.6 mph) and running one mile (1.6 kilometers) in anywhere between 4–15 minutes, humans typically choose to use only a small range within these speeds. [ 140 ] Compared to other land animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance —over very long distances, able to outrun almost every other species on land except certain dogs . Anecdotal reports of elephants outpacing humans in sprint races may stem from humans who were taken by surprise by an attacking animal and did not have time to react appropriately, not the fact that the elephants truly overtook a human running at top speed. [ 79 ] ↑ Different sources cite different speeds; estimates include 96–120 km/h (60–75 mph), [ 25 ] 98 km/h (61 mph), [ 26 ] 100 km/h (62 mph), [ 27 ] 104 km/h (65 mph), [ 28 ] and 104.4 km/h (64.9 mph). [ 29 ] [ 30 ] There is a tendency to overestimate the speed of fast animals, and claims of the cheetah running 114 km/h (71 mph) or faster have been discredited. [ 25 ] [ 30 ] ↑ Estimates include "over 53 miles (86 kilometers) per hour", [ 39 ] 88.5 km/h (55.0 mph), [ 25 ] [ 28 ] an " alleged top speed of 60 miles an hour [96.6 km/h]" (emphasis added), [ 40 ] 98 km/h (61 mph), [ 41 ] and "a top speed of about 100 km/h [62 mph]" (emphasis added). [ 42 ] ↑ Estimates include 70 km/h (43 mph) (specifically the black wildebeest ), [ 48 ] "approximately 80 km/h or 50 mph", [ 49 ] and "over 50 miles per hour [80.5 km/h]" (specifically the blue wildebeest ). [ 50 ] ↑ Different sources cite different speeds; estimates include 96–120 km/h (60–75 mph), [ 25 ] 98 km/h (61 mph), [ 26 ] 100 km/h (62 mph), [ 27 ] 104 km/h (65 mph), [ 28 ] and 104.4 km/h (64.9 mph). [ 29 ] [ 30 ] There is a tendency to overestimate the speed of fast animals, and claims of the cheetah running 114 km/h (71 mph) or faster have been discredited. [ 25 ] [ 30 ] ↑ Estimates include 64 km/h (40 mph) [ 54 ] and 70 km/h (43 mph). [ 53 ] ↑ Estimates include 70 km/h (43 mph) (specifically the black wildebeest ), [ 48 ] "approximately 80 km/h or 50 mph", [ 49 ] and "over 50 miles per hour [80.5 km/h]" (specifically the blue wildebeest ). [ 50 ] ↑ Estimates include 64 km/h (40 mph), [ 86 ] [ 87 ] 70 km/h (43 mph), [ 88 ] : 237 [ 89 ] and 72 km/h (45 mph) (some attribute this to the antelope jackrabbit , [ 90 ] others to the white-tailed jackrabbit , [ 91 ] [ 92 ] and still others to jackrabbits in general. [ 93 ] ) ↑ Estimates include 66 km/h (41 mph) [ 95 ] and 71 km/h (44 mph) [ 96 ] [ 97 ] ↑ Estimates include "more than 30 miles per hour (48 kilometers per hour)" [ 100 ] and 71 km/h (44 mph). [ 101 ] ↑ Estimates include 67 km/h (42 mph), [ 102 ] 68.4 km/h (42.5 mph), [ 103 ] and 69 km/h (43 mph). [ 28 ] ↑ Estimates include 64 km/h (40 mph), [ 104 ] : 169 69 km/h (43 mph) (specifically for the kulan subspecies), [ 105 ] and 70 km/h (43 mph) (specifically for the Persian subspecies). 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