Practice Problems Machine Learning PostgreSQL is a free and open-source database management system used to store, organize and manage data efficiently. It is one of the most popular databases because it is reliable, secure and can handle large amounts of data. Supports SQL queries to store, retrieve and manage data. Allows transactions to keep data accurate and consistent. Supports JSON and JSONB data for modern applications. Uses Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) to allow many users to work with the database at the same time. Can be extended with custom data types, functions and extensions. Note : Before learning PostgreSQL, it is recommended to have basic knowledge of SQL concepts. Writing Your First SQL Query in PostgreSQL Below is an example to display “Hello, World!” using SQL: 1. Create a database 2. Connect to the database 3. Create a table 4. Insert a message 5. Retrieve the message Learn the fundamental concepts of PostgreSQL, including installation, setup and the basic building blocks needed to work with databases. Installl PostgreSQL Loading a Database MySQL vs. PostgreSQL Database Management Databases help organize and store data. This section covers the essential operations used to manage databases in PostgreSQL. Table Management Tables are used to store data in rows and columns. This section explains how to create and manage tables effectively. Querying & Filtering Data Learn how to retrieve, filter, sort and analyze data using PostgreSQL queries. Set operators help combine or compare the results of multiple queries. Subqueries in PostgreSQL allow queries to be nested inside another query, making it easier to perform complex filtering and data retrieval operations. Data modification in PostgreSQL helps insert new records, update existing data, delete rows and perform upsert operations efficiently. Conditionals & Control Flow Conditional and control statements in PostgreSQL help manage decision-making, looping and logical operations within queries and procedural code. Constraints in PostgreSQL ensure data accuracy and integrity by restricting invalid or duplicate data from being stored in tables. CHECK Constraint UNIQUE Constraint NOT NULL Constraint JOINS & Schemas Joins in PostgreSQL combine data from multiple tables, while schemas help organize and manage database objects efficiently. Roles & Permissions Roles and permissions in PostgreSQL control user access and database security by managing privileges and role-based operations. Role Membership In-Built Functions PostgreSQL in-built functions simplify calculations, string manipulation, date handling and data processing operations within queries. Indexes in PostgreSQL improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval and efficient searching on database tables. Multicolumn Indexes Advanced PostgreSQL Advanced PostgreSQL concepts help you work with procedures, triggers, transactions, exception handling and other important database features. Block Structure Stored Procedures Exception Handling Exercises & Interview Questions PostgreSQL exercises and interview questions help strengthen practical knowledge and prepare for real-world database development and job interviews. Interview Questions and Answers PostgreSQL Cheat Sheet Related Articles Install PostgreSQL on Mac Install PostgreSQL on Linux Introduction to PostgreSQL 2 min read Install PostgreSQL on Windows 2 min read Install PostgreSQL on Mac 3 min read Create Database in PostgreSQL 3 min read Loading a Database in PostgreSQL 3 min read PostgreSQL ALTER DATABASE 2 min read PostgreSQL - Rename Database 2 min read PostgreSQL - Show Databases 1 min read PostgreSQL Data Types 4 min read PostgreSQL - Boolean Data Type 4 min read PostgreSQL - CHAR Data Type 5 min read PostgreSQL - VARCHAR Data Type 3 min read PostgreSQL - NUMERIC Data Type 5 min read PostgreSQL - Date Data Type 4 min read PostgreSQL - TIME Data Type 4 min read PostgreSQL - JSON Data Type 4 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE DOMAIN 3 min read PostgreSQL - SELECT 3 min read PostgreSQL - ORDER BY clause 2 min read PostgreSQL - WHERE clause 2 min read PostgreSQL FETCH Clause 4 min read PostgreSQL - IN operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - HAVING clause 2 min read PostgreSQL - GROUP BY clause 2 min read PostgreSQL - LIKE operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - BETWEEN Operator 2 min read

PostgreSQL - CREATE TABLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - SELECT INTO 4 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE SEQUENCE 4 min read PostgreSQL - ALTER TABLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - ADD COLUMN 4 min read PostgreSQL - DROP COLUMN 2 min read PostgreSQL - Rename Table 2 min read PostgreSQL - DROP TABLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - TRUNCATE TABLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - Copy a Table 3 min read PostgreSQL - Comparing Tables 3 min read PostgreSQL - Show Tables 4 min read PostgreSQL - INSERT 2 min read PostgreSQL - Insert Multiple Values in Various Rows 3 min read PostgreSQL UPDATE Statement 2 min read PostgreSQL - DELETE 1 min read PostgreSQL - Upsert 3 min read PostgreSQL - CASE 2 min read PostgreSQL COALESCE 2 min read PostgreSQL - NULLIF() Function 2 min read PostgreSQL - CAST 2 min read PostgreSQL - IF Statement 2 min read PostgreSQL - CASE Statement 4 min read PostgreSQL - Loop Statement 2 min read PostgreSQL - While Loops 2 min read PostgreSQL - Exit Statement 2 min read PostgreSQL - Continue 3 min read PostgreSQL - Transactions 3 min read PostgreSQL - COMMIT 4 min read PostgreSQL - Primary Key 3 min read PostgreSQL - Foreign Key 2 min read PostgreSQL - CHECK Constraint 2 min read PostgreSQL - UNIQUE Constraint 2 min read PostgreSQL - NOT NULL Constraint 1 min read PostgreSQL - Joins 3 min read PostgreSQL - LEFT JOIN 1 min read PostgreSQL - INNER JOIN 1 min read PostgreSQL - FULL OUTER JOIN 1 min read PostgreSQL - SELF JOIN 2 min read PostgreSQL - Schema 2 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE SCHEMA 2 min read PostgreSQL - DROP SCHEMA 2 min read PostgreSQL - ALTER SCHEMA 2 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE ROLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - ALTER ROLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - DROP ROLE 2 min read PostgreSQL - GRANT 2 min read PostgreSQL - REVOKE 2 min read PostgreSQL - Role Membership 2 min read PostgreSQL - UNION operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - INTERSECT Operator 1 min read PostgreSQL - EXCEPT Operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - ANY Operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - ALL Operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - EXISTS Operator 2 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE FUNCTION Statement 5 min read PostgreSQL - Function Overloading 3 min read PostgreSQL - Drop Function 4 min read PostgreSQL - MAX() Function 1 min read MIN() Function in PostgreSQL 1 min read PostgreSQL - SUM() Function 1 min read PostgreSQL - COUNT() Function 2 min read PostgreSQL - EXTRACT Function 1 min read PostgreSQL - REPLACE() Function 1 min read PostgreSQL - Errors and Messages 2 min read Exception Handling in PL/SQL 5 min read PostgreSQL - Assert 3 min read PostgreSQL - Dollar-Quoted String Constants 4 min read PostgreSQL - Block Structure 1 min read PostgreSQL - Variables 2 min read PostgreSQL - Stored Procedures 1 min read PostgreSQL - Trigger 3 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE TRIGGER 3 min read PostgreSQL - DROP TRIGGER 4 min read PostgreSQL - Disabling a Trigger 2 min read PostgreSQL - Enabling a Trigger 3 min read PostgreSQL - CREATE INDEX 1 min read PostgreSQL - List Indexes 4 min read PostgreSQL - UNIQUE Index 1 min read Placement 360 Course 2 min read MERN Full Stack Course 2 min read Data Science 360 Course 2 min read