Chandra Shekhar P. V. Narasimha Rao Janata Party (1977–1980) [ 2 ] Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–1977) Lal Krishna Advani (born 8 November 1927) is an Indian lawyer, journalist, politician and statesman who served as the 7th deputy prime minister of India from 2002 to 2004. He is one of the co-founders of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindutva nationalist organisation. He was the longest serving Minister of Home Affairs serving for 6 years and 64 days from 1998 to 2004, until his protége Amit Shah overtook him in 2025. He is also the longest serving Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha , as well as the longest serving President of the BJP . He was the BJP's prime ministerial candidate during the 1989 , 1991 , and 2009 general elections . Advani was born in Karachi and migrated to India during the Partition of India and settled down in Bombay where he completed his college education. Advani joined the RSS in 1941 at the age of fourteen and worked as a pracharak (RSS officer) in Rajasthan . In 1951, Advani became a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh party founded by Syama Prasad Mookerjee and performed various roles, including supervisor of parliamentary affairs, general secretary, and president of the Delhi unit. In 1967, he was elected as the chairman of the First Delhi metropolitan council and served till 1970 while becoming a member of the RSS national executive. In 1970, Advani became a member of the Rajya Sabha for the first time and would go on to serve four terms until 1989. He became the president of Jan Sangh in 1973, and it merged into the Janata Party before the 1977 general election . Following the Janata party's victory in the elections, Advani became the union minister for Information and Broadcasting and leader of the house in Rajya Sabha. In 1980, Lal Krishna was one of the founding members of the BJP along with Atal Bihari Vajpayee and served as the president of the party three times. He was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1989 where he served seven terms. In 1992, he was alleged to have been part of the Demolition of the Babri Masjid , but was acquitted by the courts due to lack of evidence. Following the same, he was one of the chief proponents of the movement to build a temple over the disputed Ram Janmabhoomi site in Ayodhya and the subsequent rise of Hindutva , a Hindu nationalist ideology, in the late 1990s. He has served as leader of opposition in both the houses. He was the minister of home affairs from 1998 to 2004 and deputy prime minister from 2002 to 2004. He served in the Indian parliament until 2019 and is credited for rise of BJP as a major political party. In 2015, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan , India's second highest civilian honour and in 2024, he was conferred with Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian honour. [ 4 ] Early and personal life Advani was born on 8 November 1927 in Karachi , British India , in a Sindhi Hindu Lohana family [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] to Kishanchand D. Advani and Gyani Devi. [ 8 ] Advani was educated at St. Patrick's High School, Karachi , and D. G. National College in Hyderabad, Sindh . [ 9 ] His family was forced to flee Sindh and came to India during the partition of India and settled in Mumbai , where he graduated in law from the Government Law College . [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Advani married Kamla Advani in February 1965, and had a son, Jayant, and a daughter, Pratibha . [ 12 ] Pratibha is a television producer who also supported her father during Advani's active politics. [ 13 ] His wife died on 6 April 2016 due to old age. [ 14 ] Advani resides in Delhi. [ 15 ] Early political career 1941–1951: Early years Advani joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1941 at the age of fourteen. [ 16 ] He became a pracharak (full-time worker) conducting shakhas and became the secretary of the Karachi unit in 1947. [ 17 ] After the partition of India, Advani was a pracharak in Rajasthan working across Alwar , Bharatpur , Kota , Bundi and Jhalawar districts until 1952. [ 18 ] 1951–1970: Jan Sangh and Delhi council chairman Advani became a member of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), a political party founded in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee in collaboration with the RSS. He was appointed as the secretary to S. S. Bhandari , then general secretary of the Jan Sangh in Rajasthan. In 1957, he moved to Delhi and became the general secretary and later, president of the Delhi unit of the Jana Sangh. From 1966 to 1967 he served as the leader of BJS in the Delhi Metropolitan Council (DMC). After the 1967 Delhi Metropolitan Council election , he was elected as the chairman of the council and served until 1970. [ 10 ] [ 19 ] He also assisted K. R. Malkani with the publication of Organiser , the weekly newsletter of the RSS and became a member of its national executive in 1966. [ 18 ] 1971–1975: Parliament entry and Jan Sangh leader In 1970, Advani became a member of the Rajya Sabha from Delhi for the six-year tenure. [ 20 ] In 1973, he was elected as the president of BJS at the Kanpur session of the party working committee meeting. [ 10 ] 1976–1980: Janata party and cabinet minister Advani was reelected to the Rajya Sabha from Gujarat in 1976 for the second time. [ 20 ] After the imposition of The Emergency and a crackdown on opposition parties by then- prime minister , Indira Gandhi , BJS and other opposition parties merged to form the Janata Party . [ 21 ] In the 1977 election , the Janata Party won a landslide victory due to the widespread unpopularity of the state of emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi. [ 22 ] Morarji Desai became the prime minister with Advani becoming the Minister of Information and Broadcasting . [ 23 ] The government did not complete its five year term and was dissolved to call fresh elections in 1980 where Janata Party lost to the Indian National Congress . [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Subsequently, Advani became the leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha . [ 10 ] Formation of BJP 1980–1989: Early years On 6 April 1980, Advani along with few of the erstwhile members of the Jana Sangh quit the Janata Party and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party , with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as its first president. [ 26 ] Though the previous government lasted briefly from 1977 till 1980 and was marred with factional wars, the period saw a rise in support for the RSS which culminated into the formation of the BJP. [ 27 ] In 1982, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha for the third time from Madhya Pradesh representing the BJP. [ 20 ] BJP won only two seats in the 1984 election with the Congress winning a landslide on the back of a sympathy wave due to the assassination of Indira Gandhi . This failure led to a shift in the party's stance with Advani being appointed party president and the BJP turning to Hindutva ideology of Jana Sangh. [ 28 ] Under Advani, BJP became the political face of the Ayodhya dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi site when the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) began a movement for the construction of a temple dedicated to the Hindu deity Rama at the site of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya . [ 29 ] The dispute centered on the basis of the belief that the site was the birthplace of Rama, and that a temple once stood there that had been demolished by the Mughal emperor Babur with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) supporting the claim. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] BJP supported the campaign and made it a part of their election manifesto for the 1989 elections , helping it win 86 seats with Advani getting elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time. Advani became the leader of opposition in Lok Sabha when VP Singh formed the National Front government. [ 32 ] 1990–1997: Rath yatras and rise of BJP Advani often organised rath yatras or processions to boost the popularity of the BJP and unify Hindutva ideology. He organised six rath yatras across the country with the first one in 1990. [ 33 ] Ram Rath Yatra : Advani started his first yatra from Somnath in Gujarat on 25 September 1990 which concluded at Ayodhya on 30 October 1990. The procession was linked to the dispute at Ram Janmabhoomi site at Ayodhya and was stopped in Bihar by then Chief Minister Lalu Yadav with Advani himself being arrested on the orders of V. P. Singh , then Prime Minister of India. [ 34 ] Janadesh Yatra : Four processions starting on 11 September 1993 from four corners of country were organised and Advani led the yatra from Mysore in South India . [ 35 ] Traversing through 14 states and two Union Territories, the processions were organised with the purpose to seek the people's mandate against the two bills, the Constitution 80th Amendment Bill and the Representation of People (Amendment) Bill and congregated at Bhopal on 25 September. [ 36 ] Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra : The procession was organised between May and July 1997 and was conducted in celebration of 50 years of Indian Independence and to project the BJP as a party committed to good governance. [ 37 ] Bharat Uday Yatra : The yatra took place in the run-up to the 2004 election . [ 38 ] Bharat Suraksha Yatra : The BJP launched a nationwide mass political campaign from 6 April to 10 May 2006 consisting of two yatras – one led by Advani from Dwaraka in Gujarat to Delhi and the other led by Rajnath Singh from Puri to Delhi. [ 39 ] The yatra was focused on fighting left wing terrorism, minority politics, price rise and corruption, protection of democracy. [ 40 ] Jan Chetna Yatra : The last of the yatras was launched on 11 October 2011 from Sitab Diara in Bihar for the purposes of mobilising public opinion against perceived corruption of the then-ruling UPA government and promoting the BJP's agenda of good governance and anti-corruption. [ 41 ] [ non-primary source needed ] In 1990, Advani embarked on Ram Rath Yatra , a procession with a chariot to mobilise volunteers for Ram Janmabhoomi movement. The procession began from Somnath in Gujarat and headed to converge at Ayodhya. [ 42 ] In the 1991 general election , the BJP became the second largest party after the Congress with Advani winning for the second time from Gandhinagar and becoming the leader of opposition again. [ 43 ] In 1992, Babri Masjid was demolished with Advani alleged to have delivered a provocative speech prior to the demolition. [ 44 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Advani was among the accused in the demolition case but was acquitted on 30 September 2020 by a CBI special court. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] In the judgement, it was mentioned that the demolition was not pre-planned and that Advani was trying to stop the mob and not incite them. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] In the 1996 general election , the BJP became the single largest party and was consequently invited by the president to form the government. Advani did not contest the elections over allegations of involvement in the Hawala scandal , and resigned his seat on 16 January 1996, [ 51 ] but was later cleared of charges by the Supreme Court . [ 52 ] [ 53 ] While Vajpayee was sworn in as prime minister in May 1996, the government collapsed after just thirteen days. [ 54 ] 1998–2004: Home minister and deputy prime minister In the 1998 general election , the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA), came to power with Vajpayee returning as prime minister in March 1998. [ 55 ] Advani was elected to the Lok Sabha for the third term and became the Home Minister . [ 10 ] However, the government again collapsed after only thirteen months when All Indian Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) under J. Jayalalithaa withdrew its support to the government. [ 55 ] With fresh elections being called, the BJP-led NDA again won a majority in the 1999 general election and Advani won from Gandhinagar for a fourth term. He assumed the office of Home Minister and was later elevated to the position of Deputy Prime Minister in 2002. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] During 2002 Gujarat riots , Prime minister Vajpayee actually wanted to remove then chief minister of Gujarat-Advani's protegee Narendra Modi from post, but advani prevented him from doing that. [ 58 ] In 2003, news reports suggested a tussle within the BJP with regard to sharing of leadership between Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Advani. [ 59 ] [ 60 ] BJP president Venkaiah Naidu had suggested that Advani must lead the party politically at the 2004 general elections, referring to Vajpayee as vikas purush , Hindi for development man, and Advani as loh purush , iron man. [ 61 ] When Vajpayee subsequently threatened retirement, Naidu backtracked, announcing that the party would contest the elections under the twin leadership of Vajpayee and Advani. [ 62 ] 2004–2009: Opposition leader In the 2004 general election , the BJP suffered a defeat with United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress coming to power, with Manmohan Singh as prime minister. [ 63 ] Advani won his fifth term to the Lok Sabha and became the leader of opposition. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] Vajpayee retired from active politics after the 2004 defeat, promoting Advani to lead the BJP. [ 66 ] In June 2005, while on a visit to Karachi, Advani described Mohammad Ali Jinnah as a secular leader, which led to criticism from the RSS. Advani was forced to resign as BJP president but withdrew the resignation a few days later. [ 67 ] In April 2005, RSS chief K. S. Sudarshan opined that Advani should step aside. [ 68 ] At the silver jubilee celebrations of the BJP in Mumbai in December 2005, Advani stepped down as party president and Rajnath Singh from Uttar Pradesh was elected in his place. In March 2006, following a bomb blast at a Hindu shrine at Varanasi , Advani undertook a Bharata Suraksha Yatra ('Sojourn for National Security'), to highlight the alleged failure of the ruling United Progressive Alliance in combating terrorism. [ 69 ] 2009–2015: Prime Minister candidacy and later years In December 2006, Advani stated that as the leader of the opposition in a parliamentary democracy, he considered himself the Prime Ministerial candidate for the next general elections in May 2009. [ 70 ] While not everyone was supportive of his candidacy, Vajpayee endorsed Advani's candidacy. [ 71 ] On 2 May 2007, BJP President Rajnath Singh stated that Advani is the natural choice for the next prime minister if BJP won the next elections. [ 72 ] On 10 December 2007, the Parliamentary Board of BJP formally announced that L. K. Advani would be its prime ministerial candidate for the general elections due in 2009. [ 73 ] Though Advani won his sixth term in Lok Sabha, the BJP lost to Congress and its allies in the 2009 general elections , allowing then incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to continue in office. Following the defeat in the elections, L. K. Advani handed over the position of leader of opposition to Sushma Swaraj . [ 74 ] [ 75 ] He was elected working chairman of the National Democratic Alliance in 2010. [ 76 ] Advani contested the 2014 general election from Gandhinagar, winning for the fifth consecutive time. Later he was part of the Marg Darshak Mandal (vision committee) of the BJP along with Murli Manohar Joshi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee . [ 77 ] Elections contested Awards and honours India : Bharat Ratna (9 February 2024) [ 78 ] Padma Vibhushan (2015) [ 79 ] Bharat Ratna (9 February 2024) [ 78 ] Padma Vibhushan (2015) [ 79 ] A Prisoner's Scrap-Book (2002) ISBN 978-81-88322-10-7 [ 80 ] New Approaches to Security and Development (2003) ISBN 978-981-230-219-9 [ 81 ] My Country My Life (2008) ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4 [ 82 ] As I See It : LK Advani's Blog Posts (2011) ISBN 978-81-291-1876-9 [ 83 ] Nazarband Loktantra (2016) ISBN 81-7315-399-X [ 84 ] Drishtikon (2016) ISBN 978-93-5048-142-4 [ 85 ] Rashtra Sarvopari (2014) ISBN 978-93-5048-549-1 [ 86 ] Electoral history of L. K. Advani ↑ "From Swayamsevak to the man behind the rise of BJP in India: The journey of LK Advani" . 4 July 2024. ↑ "From Swayamsevak to the man behind the rise of BJP in India: The journey of LK Advani" . 3 February 2024. ↑ "Lal Krishna Advani profile" . Digital Sansad. ↑ "Lal Krishna Advani: Age, Biography, Education, Wife, Caste, Net Worth & More - Oneindia" . www.oneindia.com . ↑ Ahmed, Khaled (27 June 2014). "The fading memory of amity" . The Indian Express . Retrieved 20 July 2024 . BJP leader L.K. Advani, in his autobiography My Country, My Life (2008), writes: "The Advani family belonged to the Amil branch of Sindhi Hindus. Traditionally, the Amil was a revenue official who assisted munshis in the administrative set-up of Muslim kings. It was one of the two main divisions of the Lohano clan which was linked to the Vaishya (business) community. In time, Amils came to dominate government jobs and professions in Sindh." ↑ Patel, Aakar (10 February 2011). "BJP's sole currency is its anger" . Mint . Retrieved 20 July 2024 . L.K. Advani is different, and from the same Lohana caste as Jinnah. ↑ Patel, Aakar . "Analysis: Trading with India" . The Friday Times . Archived from the original on 6 October 2011 . Retrieved 6 August 2012 . Incidentally, BJP's LK Advani is a Sindhi-speaking Amil from the Lohana caste. ↑ "Bhartiya Janata Party's Prime Ministerial candidate and the Leader of Opposition, Lal Krishna Advani will once again seek re-election from his Gandhinagar constituency" . India Today . 18 March 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ↑ "L.K. Advani: Bio, Political life, Family & Top stories" . Times of India . Archived from the original on 8 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . 1 2 3 4 5 "Members Bioprofile" . Lok Sabha of India/National Informatics Centre, New Delhi. Archived from the original on 17 June 2012 . Retrieved 27 April 2011 . ↑ Malik, Yogendra K.; Singh, V.B. (1994). Hindu Nationalists in India: The Rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 40– 43. ISBN 978-0-8133-8810-6 . ↑ "Will LK Advani's son live up to his father's image?" . Firstpost . 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016 . Retrieved 5 April 2019 . ↑ Sahgal, Priya. "A Tale of Two Daughters" . India Today . Archived from the original on 9 May 2022 . Retrieved 9 May 2022 . ↑ "LK Advani bids adieu to wife Kamla; Swaraj, Manmohan, Amit Shah at funeral" . Indian Express . 7 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016 . Retrieved 5 April 2019 . ↑ Roy Chaudhury, Dipanjan (29 June 2019). "Lutyens' Zone: Sushma Swaraj to vacate, LK Advani & MM Joshi may retain bungalows" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 21 September 2021 . Retrieved 28 June 2020 . ↑ " 'My idea of happiness is good books':Advani" . Indian Express . 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023 . Retrieved 1 November 2023 . ↑ "India 'incomplete' without Sindh: Advani" . Indian Express. 15 January 2017. Archived from the original on 15 January 2017 . Retrieved 15 January 2017 . 1 2 Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics . C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 237. ISBN 978-1850653011 . ↑ Proposal to nominate a member to the Delhi Metropolation [ sic ] Council Vice Shri L.K. Advani . New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs: Delhi Section. 1971. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022 . Retrieved 21 September 2022 – via National Archives of India . Shri L. K. Advani who was the chairman of the Metropolitan Council, was elected as member of the Rajya Sabha in the last elections and his seat has fallen vacant in the Council. He was from the Jan Sangh Party. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: publisher location ( link ) 1 2 3 "List of Rajya Sabha members Since 1952" . Archived from the original on 9 January 2010 . Retrieved 21 October 2013 . ↑ Zarhani, Seyed Hossein (2018). Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after Liberalization . Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-351-25518-9 . ↑ G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges . Abhinav Publications. pp. 90– 100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3 . ↑ Basu, Amrita (30 June 2015). Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India . Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-107-08963-1 . ↑ "General Election of India 1980, 7th Lok Sabha" (PDF) . Election Commission of India. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014 . Retrieved 13 January 2010 . ↑ Chawla, Prabhu (30 September 2013). "As general elections loom large, new four-party United Front formed to counter Cong(I)" . India Today . Retrieved 23 June 2019 . ↑ "BJP's foundation day: Brief history of the achievements and failures of the party" . The Indian Express . 6 April 2019. Archived from the original on 11 May 2019 . Retrieved 17 March 2020 . ↑ Guha, Ramachandra (2007). India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy (1st ed.). India: Picador. pp. 563– 564. ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3 . ↑ Guha, Ramachandra (2007). India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy (1st ed.). India: Picador. p. 633. ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3 . ↑ "In the times of Yakub Memon, remembering the Babri Masjid demolition cases" . 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2015 . Retrieved 29 July 2015 . ↑ "Evidence of temple found: ASI" . 25 August 2003. Archived from the original on 11 April 2009 . Retrieved 3 April 2009 . ↑ "Layers of truth" . The Week . Archived from the original on 23 March 2005. ↑ Krishna, Ananth V. (2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics . Pearson Education India. p. 347. ISBN 9788131734650 . ↑ "The Eternal Charioteer" . Outlook . Archived from the original on 18 May 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "Why And How I Arrested LK Advani By Lalu Yadav" . NDTV . Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 . Retrieved 7 December 2017 . ↑ "LK Advani – Portal – Janadesh Yatra" . Lkadvani.in. 11 September 1993. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "Janadesh Yatra : Shri L K Advani" . Bjp.org. 11 September 1993. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra : Shri L K Advani" . Bjp.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ Press Trust India (10 March 2004). "Advani kickstarts Bharat Uday Yatra" . Express India . Archived from the original on 21 January 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "Advani to begin from Gujarat; Rajnath from Orissa – Rediff.com India News" . Rediff.com . 17 March 2006. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "Bharat Suraksha Yatra : Shri L K Advani" . Bjp.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ "About Jan Chetna Yatra" . Janchetnayatra.com. 20 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012 . Retrieved 11 July 2012 . ↑ Panikkar, K. N. (1993). "Religious Symbols and Political Mobilization: The Agitation for a Mandir at Ayodhya". Social Scientist . 21 (7/8): 63– 78. doi : 10.2307/3520346 . ISSN 0970-0293 . JSTOR 3520346 . ↑ Sahgal, Priya (28 December 2009). "1990-L.K. Advani's rath yatra: Chariot of fire" . India Today . Archived from the original on 14 May 2020 . Retrieved 9 May 2020 . ↑ "Muslims can never forgive Kalyan over Babri issue" . Express India . Archived from the original on 21 January 2012 . Retrieved 27 April 2011 . ↑ "Babri demolition & failure of Muslim leadership" . Zee News India. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010 . Retrieved 27 April 2011 . ↑ Pradhan, Sharat (26 March 2010). "Advani fuelled fire that razed Babri: IPS officer" . Rediff . Archived from the original on 29 June 2020 . Retrieved 28 June 2020 . ↑ Sachdev, Vakasha (6 December 2019). " 'Vindicated' LK Advani Remains on Trial in Babri Demolition Case" . The Quint . Archived from the original on 29 June 2020 . Retrieved 28 June 2020 . ↑ "Advani on being acquitted from Babri demolition case" . Times of India . 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 . Retrieved 30 September 2020 . ↑ "From Nation of Donkeys to 'Black Day for Democracy': English Editorials Slam Babri Verdict" . The Wire (India) . 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020 . Retrieved 3 October 2020 . ↑ "Babri accused tried to stop mob, not incite them" . Rediff.com . 30 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024 . Retrieved 1 October 2020 . ↑ Preston, Ian; Rowe, Annamarie, eds. (2005). A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia (1st ed.). London: Europa Publications Ltd. p. 112. ISBN 0-203-40308-8 . ↑ Shakti Shekhar, Kumar (1 November 2017). "How Advani will create Parliamentary history whether he contests 2019 Lok Sabha elections or not" . India Today . New Delhi : India Today Group . Archived from the original on 15 July 2020 . Retrieved 15 July 2020 . ↑ "SC clears Advani, Shukla in hawala case" . Indian Express . 3 March 1998. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009 . Retrieved 27 September 2008 . ↑ Goswami, Dev (17 August 2018). "When Atal Bihari Vajpayee showed the world how to resign in style" . India Today . Archived from the original on 9 January 2021 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . 1 2 Shakti Shekhar, Kumar (17 August 2018). "How Atal Bihari Vajpayee ended BJP's untouchability" . India Today . Archived from the original on 7 August 2020 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ↑ "Advani appointed deputy prime minister" . The Times of India . 29 June 2002. Archived from the original on 28 March 2024 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ↑ Wondering Man, Money & Go(l)d . Wondering Man. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-84693-016-4 . Archived from the original on 28 March 2024 . Retrieved 9 August 2020 . ↑ "Vajpayee condemns Godhra carnage, Gujarat communal violence – Express India" . The Indian Express . Press Trust of India. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017 . Retrieved 24 July 2017 . ↑ Vyas, Neena (25 September 2003). "Vajpayee is our leader, reiterates BJP" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 4 February 2004 . Retrieved 18 August 2018 . ↑ Bidwai, Praful (17 June 2003). "BJP's leadership fissures" . Rediff . Archived from the original on 24 July 2008 . Retrieved 18 August 2018 . ↑ Arun, T. K. (16 August 2018). "Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The pregnant pause lengthens forever" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 17 August 2018 . Retrieved 17 August 2018 . ↑ Raghavan, S (6 June 2003). "Vikas and loh" . Business Line . Archived from the original on 23 May 2006 . Retrieved 18 August 2018 . ↑ Ruparelia, Sanjay (2005). "Managing the United Progressive Alliance: The Challenges Ahead". Economic and Political Weekly . 40 (24): 2407– 2412. ISSN 0012-9976 . JSTOR 4416746 . ↑ "LK Advani warns of 2004 redux, showers praise on party's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi" . The Economic Times . 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ↑ "Lal Krishna Advani | Biography & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Archived from the original on 19 November 2020 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ↑ Sengupta, Somini (31 December 2005). "Former Premier Vajpayee Retires From Indian Politics at 81" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Archived from the original on 9 December 2018 . Retrieved 10 May 2020 . ↑ "L K Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 2 November 2021 . Retrieved 6 August 2020 . ↑ "Atal, Advani should step aside, let young rise: RSS chief" . The Indian Express . 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020 . Retrieved 3 April 2009 . ↑ "Advani resigns for 3rd time in 8 years, once over row on Jinnah remarks" . Hindustan Times . 10 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021 . Retrieved 6 August 2020 . ↑ "I'll be candidate for PM: Advani" . The Times of India . 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 . Retrieved 30 June 2013 . ↑ "Advani opens his heart, and a can of worms" . The Economic Times . India. 11 December 2006. Archived from the original on 14 December 2006 . Retrieved 3 April 2009 . ↑ Mohua Chatterjee (2 May 2007). "LK 'natural' choice for PM: Rajnath" . The Times of India . Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 . Retrieved 30 June 2013 . ↑ "Finally, BJP announces Advani as PM candidate" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 28 March 2024 . Retrieved 6 August 2020 . ↑ "New India opposition leader named" . BBC News . 18 December 2009. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020 . Retrieved 27 April 2014 . ↑ Vyas, Neena (18 December 2009). "Advani quits as Leader of Opposition" . The Hindu . Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 . Retrieved 18 December 2009 . ↑ "NDA elects Advani 'working chairman' " . Hindustan Times . 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021 . Retrieved 3 February 2021 . ↑ " "No Advani, Joshi, Vajpayee in BJP Parliamentary Board, party makes Marg Darshak Mandal for them" " . IBN Live . 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 August 2014 . Retrieved 26 August 2014 . ↑ "LK Advani to receive Bharat Ratna" . The Times of India . 3 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024 . Retrieved 3 February 2023 . ↑ "Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan" . The Hindu . 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016 . Retrieved 3 February 2023 . ↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2002). A prisoner's scrap-book . New Delhi: Ocean Books. ISBN 81-88322-10-5 . OCLC 51752185 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) ↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2003). New approaches to security and development . Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-230-614-2 . OCLC 867796807 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) ↑ Advani, L. K., 1927– (2008). My country my life . New Delhi: Rupa & Co. ISBN 978-81-291-1363-4 . OCLC 221287960 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) ↑ Advani, L. K. (2011). "As I See it: LK Advani's Blog Posts" . Rupa & Company. ISBN 978-81-291-1876-9 . ↑ Āḍavāṇī, Lālakrishńa. (2002). Nazarbaṇda lokataṇtra . Dill ̄: Prabht̄a Prakāśana. ISBN 81-7315-399-X . OCLC 50640962 . ↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (2012). Dr̥shṭikoṇa : blôga para bāteṃ (Saṃskaraṇa prathama ed.). Dillī. ISBN 978-93-5048-142-4 . OCLC 823027286 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) ↑ Advani, L. K., 1927- (January 2014). Rāshṭra sarvopari (Saṃskaraṇa prathama ed.). Dillī. ISBN 978-93-5048-549-1 . OCLC 904246754 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link ) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link ) Further reading Atmaram Kulkarni. The Advent of Advani: An Authentic Critical Biography (1995). (Hardcover) ISBN 978-81-85345-22-2 . Sudheendra Kulkarni. Swarna Jayanti Rath Yatra: The story of Lal Krishna Advani's patriotic pilgrimage (1997). ASIN: B0000CPBO7. Pentagon Press. Lal Krishna Advani: Today's Patel (2002). (Paperback) ISBN 978-81-86830-57-4 . Gulab Vazirani: Lal Advani, the Man and his Mission (1991) G. Katyal, K. Bhushan. Lal Krishna Advani: Deputy Prime Minister . (Hardcover) ASIN: B001G6MAZA Pentagon Press. Lala Krishna Advani (2007). (Paperback) ISBN 978-81-86830-59-8 . 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Raj Narain Turkman gate demolition and rioting Baroda dynamite case Shah Commission Maintenance of Internal Security Act Indian general election, 1977 Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1980–86) L. K. Advani (1986–91, 1993–98, 2004–06) Murli Manohar Joshi (1991–93) Kushabhau Thakre (1998–2000) Bangaru Laxman (2000–01) Jana Krishnamurthi (2001–02) Venkaiah Naidu (2002–04) Rajnath Singh (2006–09) Nitin Gadkari (2009–13) Rajnath Singh (2013–14) Amit Shah (2014–2020) J. P. Nadda (2020–26) Nitin Nabin (2026–present) Baijayant Panda D. Purandeswari Madhuchandra Kar Manpreet Singh Badal Tirath Singh Rawat Varshaben Narendrabhai Doshi Vasundhara Raje Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996; 1998–2004) Narendra Modi (2014–present) L. K. Advani (2002–2004) Anandiben Patel B. S. Yediyurappa Babulal Marandi Bandaru Dattatreya Banwarilal Purohit Bhagat Singh Koshyari Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Bhavurao Deshpande Biswabhusan Harichandan C. P. Radhakrishnan Chandrakant Bacchu Patil D. V. Sadananda Gowda Devendra Fadnavis Gulab Chand Kataria Himanta Biswa Sarma Hriday Narayan Dikshit Jagadish Shettar Jagdeep Dhankhar Jamyang Tsering Namgyal Keshubhai Patel Madan Lal Khurana Manohar Parrikar Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi Nirmala Sitharaman Nityanand Swami Prem Kumar Dhumal Ram Nath Kovind Ram Prakash Gupta Ravi Shankar Prasad Sahib Singh Verma Sarbananda Sonowal Sunder Lal Patwa Sushil Kumar Modi Suvendu Adhikari Trivendra Singh Rawat Yogi Adityanath Bhajan Lal Sharma Bhupendrabhai Patel Devendra Fadnavis Himanta Biswa Sarma Mohan Charan Majhi Nayab Singh Saini Pushkar Singh Dhami Yogi Adityanath Yumnam Khemchand Singh Samrat Choudhary Suvendu Adhikari Kanak Vardhan Singh Deo Keshav Prasad Maurya Prem Chand Bairwa Rajendra Shukla Samrat Chaudhary Vijay Kumar Sinha Yanthungo Patton Anil Baluni (Chief) Aparajita Sarangi Gopal Krishna Agarwal Jaiveer Shergill Mmhonlumo Kikon Pradeep Bhandari Rajiv Pratap Rudy Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore Sudhanshu Trivedi Syed Shahnawaz Hussain Syed Zafar Islam Biplab Kumar Deb B. 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Narasimhan Braj Kumar Nehru Bhairab Dutt Pande Ghananand Pande Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao V. K. R. V. Rao Khusro Faramurz Rustamji Harish Chandra Sarin Binay Ranjan Sen Lallan Prasad Singh Balaram Sivaraman Chandrika Prasad Srivastava Arun Shridhar Vaidya Narinder Nath Vohra V. S. R. Arunachalam Jagdish Bhagwati Satyendra Nath Bose Suniti Kumar Chatterji D. P. Chattopadhyaya Bhabatosh Datta John Kenneth Galbraith Sarvepalli Gopal Lakshman Shastri Joshi Dhondo Keshav Karve Gopinath Kaviraj Radheshyam Khemka Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Sitakant Mahapatra Kotha Satchidananda Murthy Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri M. T. Vasudevan Nair P. Parameswaran Hormasji Maneckji Seervai Rajaram Shastri Kalu Lal Shrimali Govindbhai Shroff Khushwant Singh Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey Bashir Hussain Zaidi Jasbir Singh Bajaj A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar S. I. Padmavati Autar Singh Paintal D. 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